Hlubi – Timeline

isiZulu version

The Making of the Hlubi Archive: a work-in-progress timeline

This timeline provides a guide to the available materials that speak to the Hlubi past. These materials include recorded oral accounts, colonial documents and items of material culture, as well as published and unpublished written accounts. Some of these materials are already available in the Hlubi archive on EMANDULO, can be accessed elsewhere online via a link in the timeline, or are available in a publication. The timeline also features major events pertinent to Hlubi history.

Others are materials that EMANDULO seeks to locate or be given. To contribute material to the Hlubi archive and the work-in-progress timeline please contact 500YearArchive@gmail.com.

1947

12 December 1947

Correspondence from D. F. Bleek to Margaret Shaw (S.A.M.) concerning Langalibalele’s weapons donated to the South African Museum.

1950

Rev. Jakobus Hadebe submitted an essay ‘Umdabuko wamaHlubi’ to Killie Campbell tribal history competition.

1962

W. R. Guest, ‘The Langalibalele Rebellion and its Consequences 1873-1874,’ unpublished Honours thesis, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg.

1964

21 March 1964

Estelle Hamilton-Welsh collection of ethnographic items and material culture, including examples of objects made or owned by Hlubi people presented to the University of Fort Hare.

1973

R. O. Pearse et al. (Eds.), Langalibalele and the Natal Carbineers, Ladysmith.

1976

N. Herd, The Bent Pine: The Trial of Chief Langalibalele, Johannesburg: Ravan Press.

1976

W. R. Guest, Langalibalele: The Crisis in Natal, 1873-75 (Research Monograph 2), Durban: Department of History and Political Science, University of Nata

1978

N. A. Etherington, (1978), ‘Why Langalibalele ran away,’ Journal of Natal and Zulu History, 1(1), pp 1-24

1979

G. Riekert, ‘The State and the law: the trial of Langalibalele,’ unpublished seminar paper, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg.

A.H. Manson, ‘The Hlubi and Ngwe in a colonial society, 1848-1877’, unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg.

1979

The statement of Mabonsa kaSidlayi is published in C. de B. Webb & J. B. Wright (Eds.), The James Stuart Archive of Recorded Oral Evidence Relating to the History of the Zulu and Neighbouring Peoples, Volume 2, Pietermaritzburg, pp 11-42.

1983

John Wright and Andrew Manson published The Hlubi Chiefdom in Zululand-Natal.

1992

December 1992

Purchase of the Joan Broster beadwork collection, including examples made or owned by Hlubi people, by the University of Transkei.

1998

18 September 1998

Declaration as a National Treasure: The Estelle Hamilton-Welsh and F. S. Malan ethnographic collections, as well as the contemporary South African art collection at the University of Fort Hare, Alice.

CREDITS

FHYA would like to acknowledge the commitment of Iziko Museums of South Africa, Killie Campbell Africana Library of the University of KwaZulu-Natal and the KwaZulu-Natal Museum to making their holdings openly accessible and the generosity of their staff in making this presentation possible. Presentation prepared by FHYA in 2023, using materials collected by Steven Kotze in partnership with Lailah Hisham (Iziko), Senzosenkosi Mkhize (Killie Campbell Africana Library of the University of KwaZulu-Natal), Justine Wintjes and Dimakatso Tlhoaele (KwaZulu-Natal Museum), Zukisa Madyibi (Walter Sisulu University), Thozama April and Sinazo Mtshemla (University of Fort Hare) and Robert Hart (Duggan-Cronin Gallery, McGregor Museum). Archival curation prepared by Benathi Marufu with assistance from Debra Pryor. Visual curation, page design, and development by Vanessa Chen with assistance from Makhosi Mkhize and Studio de Greef. Technical support provided by Hussein Suleman. Written content produced by Steven Kotze and Carolyn Hamilton, drawing on, amongst other things, recent research by John Wright and Carolyn Hamilton. Editorial and conceptual support by Carolyn Hamilton. The FHYA is especially grateful for the ongoing research support of Muziwandile Hadebe and the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Archives, and would further like to thank Mwelela Cele, Patricia Davison, Nessa Leibhammer, John Wright and Gavin Whitelaw for their assistance and advice during the preparation of this curation. Our presentations are archived here. If you wish to make a contribution, use this link.

EMANDULO

EMANDULO is an experimental digital platform, in ongoing development, for engaging with resources pertinent to southern African history before colonialism across what is today eSwatini, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, and the Eastern Cape.

Online from: 13 November 2023