Hlubi – Timeline

isiZulu version

The Making of the Hlubi Archive: a work-in-progress timeline

This timeline provides a guide to the available materials that speak to the Hlubi past. These materials include recorded oral accounts, colonial documents and items of material culture, as well as published and unpublished written accounts. Some of these materials are already available in the Hlubi archive on EMANDULO, can be accessed elsewhere online via a link in the timeline, or are available in a publication. The timeline also features major events pertinent to Hlubi history.

Others are materials that EMANDULO seeks to locate or be given. To contribute material to the Hlubi archive and the work-in-progress timeline please contact 500YearArchive@gmail.com.

1930

J.H. Soga published The South-Eastern Bantu at the Witwatersrand University Press.

1932

A. M. Duggan-Cronin travelled to the Herschel District and took at least 80 photographs of Hlubi people.

1932

W. von Fintel, ‘Traditions and history of the Amahlubi tribe,’ Native Teachers’ Journal, 11, pp 229-36.

1935

Van Warmelo, N. J. A preliminary survey of the Bantu tribes of South Africa. Pretoria: Government Printer.

1936

Lady Cunynghame donated Langalibalele’s shield and carved staff to the British Museum, presumably given to her father Sir Arthur Cunynghame in 1873?

1938

N. J. van Warmelo edited History of Matiwane and the AmaNgwane Tribe as Told by Msebenzi to His Kinsman Albert Hlongwane, published by Dept. of Native Affairs, Ethnological Publications in Pretoria.

9 September 1938

Gqwabaza, I. B., ‘The Ama-Hlubi history in Xhosa’, University of Pretoria, N.J. van Warmelo Collection.

29 September 1938

Mbebe, A. Z. T., ‘The History of the AmaHlubi: Ixega likaZibi’, University of Pretoria, N.J. van Warmelo Collection.

5 October 1938

Mhluzana, S. T., ‘Hlubi History and Custom’, University of Pretoria, N.J. van Warmelo Collection.

10 October 1938

Spezi, W. M., ‘Hlubi History’, University of Pretoria, N.J. van Warmelo Collection.

1939

Henry Masila Ndawo published Iziduko zama-Hlubi at the Lovedale Press

11 May 1939

Mbebe, A. Z. T., ‘History of the Hlubi of Mt Fletcher, their country and some customs and law: Informant – Mr George Msi’, University of Pretoria, N.J. van Warmelo Collection.

1940

9 March 1940

Sutu, S. D., ‘History of the O.F.S. Hlubi,’ University of Pretoria, N.J. van Warmelo Collection.

CREDITS

FHYA would like to acknowledge the commitment of Iziko Museums of South Africa, Killie Campbell Africana Library of the University of KwaZulu-Natal and the KwaZulu-Natal Museum to making their holdings openly accessible and the generosity of their staff in making this presentation possible. Presentation prepared by FHYA in 2023, using materials collected by Steven Kotze in partnership with Lailah Hisham (Iziko), Senzosenkosi Mkhize (Killie Campbell Africana Library of the University of KwaZulu-Natal), Justine Wintjes and Dimakatso Tlhoaele (KwaZulu-Natal Museum), Zukisa Madyibi (Walter Sisulu University), Thozama April and Sinazo Mtshemla (University of Fort Hare) and Robert Hart (Duggan-Cronin Gallery, McGregor Museum). Archival curation prepared by Benathi Marufu with assistance from Debra Pryor. Visual curation, page design, and development by Vanessa Chen with assistance from Makhosi Mkhize and Studio de Greef. Technical support provided by Hussein Suleman. Written content produced by Steven Kotze and Carolyn Hamilton, drawing on, amongst other things, recent research by John Wright and Carolyn Hamilton. Editorial and conceptual support by Carolyn Hamilton. The FHYA is especially grateful for the ongoing research support of Muziwandile Hadebe and the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Archives, and would further like to thank Mwelela Cele, Patricia Davison, Nessa Leibhammer, John Wright and Gavin Whitelaw for their assistance and advice during the preparation of this curation. Our presentations are archived here. If you wish to make a contribution, use this link.

EMANDULO

EMANDULO is an experimental digital platform, in ongoing development, for engaging with resources pertinent to southern African history before colonialism across what is today eSwatini, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, and the Eastern Cape.

Online from: 13 November 2023