Sicamelo archive file

Sicamelo archive file

[ Source of title : Nessa Leibhammer using JAG materials ]

Textual record

Photographic image

JAG 1987-3-2

Description [Source - Debra Pryor for FHYA, 2022, using spreadsheet created by Nessa Leibhammer for the South African Heritage Resources Information System (SAHRIS), from JAG materials in 2015: Object description: Two solid, chunky, fluted legs at either end. Crossbar projects over leg ends to end in a strip of pleats. Above legs on the top of the crossbar are triangular designs with their tops pointing inwards and joined. They are slightly raised above the crossbar plane and at their bases have a small hemispherical depression. Truncated inverted quadriform projection from underside of crossbar bar. Scratches on surface of legs. Object form type: Headrest; Object material type: Wood; Technique: Carved; Colours: Brown; Object age: late 19th/early 20th century; Production place: Swaziland; Cultural association: Swazi; Place of use: Swaziland; Provenance: Collected at Elim, Transvaal c1930.]

Attributions and conjectures [Source - Nessa Leibhammer for FHYA, 2017: Comments on classification: In his 'A Preliminary Survey of the Bantu Tribes of South Africa', Union of South Africa, Department of Native Affairs, Ethnological Publications, Vol. 5, Pretoria, Government Printer, (1935): 7, 70-83, national government ethnologist, Nicholas Van Warmelo did not use the term "North Nguni". He grouped people living both north and south of the Thukela, under one umbrella term, "Natal Nguni", based on linguistic affinity. His classification was adapted by the ethnology curator, Margaret Shaw, in her 1958 "System of Cataloguing Ethnographic Material in Museums" which determined that items from the region were to be classified as "Natal Nguni: Zulu and others (not differentiated)." According to art historian, Anitra Nettleton, the classificatory system used by art galleries and museum shifted from Shaw's model to the one where "Natal Nguni" fell away and was replaced by "North/Northern Nguni" for KwaZulu-Natal and Swaziland because scholars found it difficult to distinguish items from adjacent areas, or emigrant people from those from the KZN region. Scholars working with the JAG materials used broad ethno-linguistic categories (Zulu, Xhosa, Tsonga, Shona, Sotho, Tswana) to identify the makers/users of the objects, all of which came to JAG without much by way of provenance, and identification was based on factors such as object type, materials, formal composition, style and surface patterning (emails A. Nettleton to N. Leibhammer, 25 and 28 November 2014).]

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Sicamelo archive file