Xifukwana?

Xifukwana?

[ Source of title : FHYA using spreadsheet prepared by Nessa Leibhammer for SAHRIS ]

Object

JAG 1992-11-40

Creative Commons License: CC BY-NC-ND https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Description [Source - Debra Pryor for FHYA, 2022, using spreadsheet created by Nessa Leibhammer for the South African Heritage Resources Information System (SAHRIS), from JAG materials in 2015: Object description: Cylindrical snuff box that rises from a straight vertical base which then bulges outwards to then narrow into a longish tubular neck. The straight vertical section of the base and the long neck are bound around with copper wire which is coming detached at the top end. The bulging section is carved with intelocking designs of parallel lines at 45 degree angles with 4 vertical divisions made by two parallel lines dividing the shape up into quarters. . Object form type: snuff box; Object material type: wood, gourd, copper wire, hide; Technique: Carving, wirework, leatherwork; Colours: Light brown, black, copper; Dimension comment: 9,5 x 3 x 2,8; Object age: 19th to early 20th century; Production place: Limpopo Province; Cultural association: Tsonga; Place of use: Limpopo Province; Provenance: .]

Attributions and conjectures [Source - Nessa Leibhammer for FHYA, 2017: Comments on classification: In his 'A Preliminary Survey of the Bantu Tribes of South Africa', Union of South Africa, Department of Native Affairs, Ethnological Publications, Vol. 5, Pretoria, Government Printer, (1935): 7, 70-83, national government ethnologist, Nicholas Van Warmelo did not use the term "North Nguni". He grouped people living both north and south of the Thukela, under one umbrella term, "Natal Nguni", based on linguistic affinity. His classification was adapted by the ethnology curator, Margaret Shaw, in her 1958 "System of Cataloguing Ethnographic Material in Museums" which determined that items from the region were to be classified as "Natal Nguni: Zulu and others (not differentiated)." According to art historian, Anitra Nettleton, the classificatory system used by art galleries and museum shifted from Shaw's model to the one where "Natal Nguni" fell away and was replaced by "North/Northern Nguni" for KwaZulu-Natal and Swaziland because scholars found it difficult to distinguish items from adjacent areas, or emigrant people from those from the KZN region. Scholars working with the JAG materials used broad ethno-linguistic categories (Zulu, Xhosa, Tsonga, Shona, Sotho, Tswana) to identify the makers/users of the objects, all of which came to JAG without much by way of provenance, and identification was based on factors such as object type, materials, formal composition, style and surface patterning (emails A. Nettleton to N. Leibhammer, 25 and 28 November 2014).]

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Xifukwana?